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'ELECTRO MAGNETIC GUT-OEE FOB ENGINES. No. 331,674.Y Patented Dec. 1,1885..

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ELECTRO MAGNETIC GUT-OFP FOR ENGINES.

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4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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R. A. BAILEY. ELECTRO MAGNETIC GUT-OFP FOR ENGINES.

No.3'31,674. Paltented Dec. 1, 1885.

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R. A. BAILEY. ELECTRO MAGNETIC CUT-OIT POR ENGINES.

No. 331,674. PatenteDec. 1, 1885..

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RICHARD A. BAILEY, OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND.

ELECTRO-MAGNETIC CUT-OFF FOR ENGlNES.

'BPEClI-SICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 331,674, datedDecember 1,1885.

Application tiled April 17, 1885. Serial No. 162,540. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, R101-IARD A. BAILEY, a citizen of the United States,residing at Providence, in the county of Providence and State of RhodeIsland, have invented certain new and useful ImprovementsinElectro-Magnetic Out-Offs for Engines; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art'to which it appertains tomake and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a partof this specification.

My invention relates to steanrengines or other motors having detachablevalve-gear automatically controlled bythe action of the governor; and itconsists of one or more electromagnets secured to a loosely-mounted lever adapted to receive vibratory movement by means of an eccentric orits equivalent, in combination with an armature lever secured to thevalve-stem.

My invention also consists, in combination with saidvelectro-magnet-carrying lever and armature-lever, of a governor providedwith partially electrically insulated rods `or connections which movecoincident with the governor-balls, and electrically-connected rods orbrushes/7 which also connect with the eccentric or other suitably movingpart of the engine, for the purpose of regulating the point of cutofffor the steam, the same being` effected by means of the intermittentflow of the electric current through suitable conductingwires,whichunite said levers and governor.

My invention consists, Iinally, of a sliding key or pin mounted in thearmaturelever, said pin being adapted to enter an opening formed in theelectro-magnetcarrying lever for the purpose of locking the two leverstogether, when desired, thereby converting the engine into a positivecut-off motor, all as will loe more fully hereinafter set forth andclaimed.

The object of my invention is to simplify and render more sensitive inaction both the cut-off and regulating mechanism of steam engines orother analogous motors, the same being effected by means of a leversecured to the Valve-rod, and forming the armature for theloosely-mounted lever, which carries one l or more electro-magnets, saidlatter lever being connected with the wrist-lever, carrier, andeccentric, as usually constructed, the armature-lever in turn beingconnected with a weight or vacuum-pot, thus forming the wellknown dropcut-off.

My invention also has for its object to so combine said electro-magneticvalve-controlling levers with the regulating mechanism by means ofelectrical connections embodying a novel device for making and breakingthe electric circuit, that the regulator in its fluctuations produces avariable and automatic cntoif for the admission of steam into thecylinder.

A distinctive feature of the invention consists ot' a suitably-mountedlever adapted to receive reciprocating or vibratory movement, andcarrying one or more electro-magnets, adapted in turn to magneticallyconnect with the valve-lever, which also forms the arma ture, theelectrical current used in connection therewith being generated by meansof a battery or a dynamo-machine. I prefer, however, to employ thelatter system, in which case it may be operated direct from the engine,if desired.

Heretofore, so :far as I am aware, in engines or other motors havingvalves controlled by means of electricity, all or nearly all of theintermediate connections, including eccentrics and rook-levers, havebeen dispensed with. My device, on the contrary, provides for theretention of the eccentric or other analogous means as common forworking the valve-gear, thereby adapting the valves ofthe engine to beboth electro-magnetically and mechanically operated as desired.

To fully illustrate the improvements clai med herewith, I have preparedthe four accompanying sheets of drawings, in which- Figure l representsa side view of an engine embodying my improvements, the engine shownbeing the well-known Oorliss type, having four valves connected with thewristlever and worked by means of the eccentric. Fig. 2is aplan viewofthe same, the fly-wheel and outboard bearing, however, not shown. Eig.8, Sheet 2, is an enlarged and detached view of the lever secured to thevalve-stem, and also of a loosely-mounted lever having two wings orarms, one of which carries the electro-magnets, the other beingconnected with the wrist-lever link, both of said levers beingrepresented as magnetically united and moving in an upward direction forthe purpose of uncovering the port to admit steam into the cylinder.Fig. 4 is a similar view,the electro-magnetic current, however, havingbeen broken, thereby adapting the steam to be cut off by means of aweight or vacuum-pot connected to the valve-stem lever or armature. Fig.4t is a partial transverse sectional view through t-he steam valve andport, corresponding to the position shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 5is a planview of said levers and connections, a portion thereof being representedin horizontal central section. Fig. 6 is a partial vertical longitudinalsection through the levers on line :t x of Fig. 3, showing the lockingdevice as disconnected, the same serving, when locked to cause thelevers to travel in unison. Fig. 7 is a partial plan view of the same.Fig. 8, Sheet 3, is an enlarged view in elevation, of the regulatingmechanism, showing the vibrating brushes or commutator engaging thepartially-insulated rods of the regulator. Fig. 9 is an enlarged partialsectional view ofthe partially-insulated rod,having a metallic strip orsurface adapted to connect with the circuit-wires. Fig. I0, Sheet 4, isa view of the regulator and its connections, (both electrical andmechanicah) showingthe balls revolving in a contracted circular path, inwhich position the electric circuit remains unbroken throughout thestroke of the engine, during which time, also, the valve-levers are bothelectro-magnetically connected, as shown in Fig. 3, thereby adapting thesteam to be cut off by means ofthe eccentric and its connections, theengine thereby developing its maximum of power. Fig. 11 represents asimilar view,the balls, however, revolving in an enlarged circular path,by means of which the electric current is alternately broken, caused bythe riding of the commutator-brushes onto the insulated surface of theregulator-rods, thus adapting the valve to out off the steam early inthe stroke. (See Figs. 1 and 4.) Fig. 12 represents the position of theregulator-balls in case the engine runs over speed or races from anycause, the electric connection then serving as a sal'ety attachment inpreventing the steam-valves from opening, as neither of the brushesengage the conducting-surface of the regulator-rods, therebydemagnetizing the electro-magnets and destroying their attractive force;and Figs. 13 and 14 represent, finally, a modification of theregulator-rods, thereby adapting them, in connection wit-h saidpositively-moving brushes, to serve as a safety device to prevent thevalvelevcr from hooking on77 or connecting with the electro-magnets,while the regulator sleeve and balls arein their extreme positions, downand up, corresponding to the parts shown in Figs. 13 and 14,respectively.

The following is a detailed description of the invention, including themanner of its operation. I would state, in passing, however, that forthe purposes of illustration, I have selected the Gorliss type ofhorizontal engine in which to represent my electro-magnetic cutoff,although practically I do not restrict myself to such engines, as thedevice is equally adapted for use in any style of engine havingdetachable valve'gear.

A, again referring to the drawings, designates the steam-cylinder, thesame being connected to the main bearing A2 by means of the frame or bedA, all constructed as usual.

s indicates the main shaft, carrying the eccentric c, which in turnconnects with an arm or carrier, c, loosely mounted upon the stud 7c,from which a rod, p, connects it with a wrist-lever, a, all as commonlyconstructed.

H designates the regulator adapted to be driven by a belt, t', leadingfrom a pulley, g2, secured upon the main shaft.

The cylinder A is provided with ports and valves for admitting andexhausting the steam, also as usual in engines of the type, a detaileddescription thereof not being deemed essential to this specification. InFig. 45, however, I have represented the steam-valve m4 of the back endofthe cylinder in the act of cutting oft' the steam flowing through thcport m, and corresponding to the position o1" the levers shown in Fig.4. The main moving parts of the engine, such as the piston and its rod,the cross-head, and connecting-rod, as well as the crank, Sie., are allalso constructed to operate as usual.

o* designates the valve bonnets, secured to the rear of each of thesteam-valve chests, the outer end of each bonnet being turned oil' toreceive the magnet-carrying lever B.

m is the stem or rod upon which the valve m4 is mounted, the rod beingsupported in the outer end of the bonnet and extending beyond the samefor the purpose of being` secured to the arm or lever D, the latterhaving apin, c,

projecting horizontally therefrom, upon which is loosely mounted the rodc, provided at its lower end with a vacuum-pot, w, Fig. l, or itsequivalent. Said lever D also serves as the armature for theelectro-magnets.

B indicates a two-arm lever loosely mounted upon said bonnet at m2, theinner end, Z22, or arm of the lever being connected by means of a link,b, to the wrist-lever a, all as fully shown in Fig. 1. The outerportion, b, of said lever has one or more electro-magnets, C, securedthereto and depending therefrom. (See Sheet 2.)

d is a soft-iron bar, which, by means of the bolts, firmly unites thelever and its magnets.

at is a hole or recess, Figs. 4 to 6, formed in the lever B, the samebeing adapted to receive a locking plug or pin. The valve-lever D alsohas a piece of soft iron, d, secured thereto at its outer end, whichserves as the armature for the said magnets C. The lever D is furtherprovided with a short angular arm, a2, terminating in the recessed orcham- IOO bered hub, Fig. 6, Within which is mounted a pin or plug, n,having a stem, n, extending through the hub and provided with a handleor enlargement.

r is a pin secured to the plug, and r is an elongated and notched slot(see Fig. 7) formed in the hub to receive said pin. Vhen the pin 1"rests against the notched portion of the slot, as shown, then the plugis retained wholly within the lever D, but when the pin engages theinner end of the slot, the plug then enters the said hole at of thelever B,thereby locking both the said levers together and adapting themto vibrate in unison, the tension or pressure of the spring s2servingft0retain the plug` in position, both locked and unlocked.

Referring again to the electro-magnets C, it is obvious that if acurrent of electricity of sufficient force be maintained through themagnet-coils, the armature cZ and the lever will then be adapted tovibrate simultaneously throughout the stroke and continuously; but ifthe electric current be interrupted or broken then the armature-leverwill instantly drop by means of the vacuum pot or weight, and cut offthe steam from that end of the cylinder, the plug n ofcourse beingwithdrawn into the recess of the hub of the arm n2, as represented inFig. 6.

The ratio of leverage between the magnets and rod e may be such that acomparatively weak current of electricity will overcome the resistanceof the vacuum pot or weight, the proportions shown in the drawings beingabout three to one-that is to say, an electric currentlifting twentypounds at the armature will raise sixty pounds applied at the point e2.

The regulating mechanism may be described as follows:

k, as before stated, is a stud or journal mounted in the frame A, uponwhich is mounted in turn a pulley, g2, which, by means of gearing, ascommon, imparts rotary motion to the vert-ical rod and balls h2 of theregulator H. A belt, t', runs from a pulley, g2, of the main shaft tothe pulley g3, causing the latter to revolve.

7c is a carrier or rock lever,also mounted on the stud k. Said carrieris operated by means of the eccentric c and its connection p, a rod orlink, p, uniting the carrier and wrist-lever a, as common. The carrierla is provided with oppositely -located lateral arms Z2, Sheet 4, eachhaving a stud or pin, upon which is mounted a rod, o, carrying at itsupper end the metallic brush Z, the latter being suit-ably guided inbrackets Z3.

H2 designates the removable sleeve of the regulator H, adapted, by meansofthe eXtensions h, to carry the two vertical and adj usiable rodsh,which are guided in the bearings Z3 lsecured to the regulator-columnt', all as fully shown. The rods h, as diavn, are made of insulatedmaterial, such as hard rubber, wood, Src.

h represents a strip of metal secured to each of said rods, and forminga contact or conducting surface for the electric current. It is plainthat the action of the eccentric imparts a vibratory movement to thecarrier-arm k', and a positive alternating up-and-down motion to thebrushes Z, while the regulator in revolving imparts, by means of itsductuations an irregular up-and-down motion to the rods h.

E designates adynamo-machine of ordinary construction, adapted to beoperated by means of a belt, t2, running from a pulley, t, secured tothe driving-shaft s. The dynamo may be driven by other means, ifdesired. Leading from the dynamo E are the ordinary conductors or wires,12 22, which connect. with the two said brushes Z. Also leading from thedynamo or other source for generating the electric current are the twoconducting-wires ll 2, which connect, respectively, with theelectro-magnets C C ofthe levers B ofthe back and front ends of thecylinder A. Conductingwires 1 and 2 in turn lead from the respectivemagnets to the sleeve H2, or other suitable part of the regulator, andconnect permanently with the metallic or conducting surfaces h', all asfully shown in the various figures. In Figs. l and 8 said wires l 2 aresecured to the sleeve H2 and travel therewith, the ends of the wiresbeing in contact with the surfaces ZL. Figs. 10, l1, and l2, however,represent said wires as secured to the guides Z4 of theregulator-column, in which case the wires, being stationary, bearagainst the sliding rods at lz.

Now, it being assumed that the action of a cut-off engine havingdetachable valve-gear is understood, the operation of my improvements inconnection therewith may be substantially described as follows: Thestop-valve s2 is lirst opened to admit steam into the valvechests o. Thelocking-plug n of each valve- IOO rod D is neXt inserted within theholes n. of

the lever B, thereby, in starting, allowing the steam to followfull-stroke or half-stroke, according to the type of engine used, thusgiving a positive movement to the steamvalves. After the engine hasattained its speed, the plugs n are withdrawn and slightly rotated,which causes the pins r/ to rest in the notch of the slots r, Figs. 6,7. Prior to withdrawing the plugs, however, the electric currentgenerated by the dynamo-machine E, or other available source, is passingthrough the conductors of the system. Now, while the current ofelectricity passes through the circuit unbroken, bot-hthe levers B and Dtravel in unison by means of the attraction or force of theelectro-magnets C C acting upon the armature (Zof the valve-stemlever D,as shown in Fig. 3, but if the electric current is broken orinterrupted, then the magnetic attraction between said levers instantlyceases and allows the valve to immediately cut off the steam from thatend of the cylinder, the closing of the port being effected, ashereinbefore stated, by means of the vacuum pot or weight connected withthe lever D. (See Fig. 1, die.) The time or relative point of cut-offfor the steam (being the instant of demagnetizing the levers B D) iscontrolled by means of thepartially-insulated rods 7i, connected to andmoving with the regulator, and the brushes Z alternately moving up anddown along the face of said rods. So long as the brushes bear upon thecontact-surfacesltl ofthe rods h the electric circuits arecorrespondingly maintained unbroken, (see Fig. 10,) thereby causing thesteam to be cut off by the action ofthe eccentric only, but as soon asone or both brushes touch the insulated portion of the rod thecorresponding circuit, Figs. l, 8, and l1, or both, as the case may be,is broken, thereby causing` the steam to be automatically cut oli' atany point in the stroke. Vhen the regulatorsleeve H2 is near itslowestpoint, Fig. l0, neither brush will travel entirely oi'f thecontact -surfaces h; consequently both electric circuits will bemaintained; but as the sleeve is raised (due to the increased speed ofthe regulator, &c.,) the brushes alternately leave or fall short of thesaid contact-surfaces, thus alternately making and breaking the electriccircuit, as in Fig. ll, Src.

My device also provides against injury or damage to the engine, whencaused by an eX- cess of speed or racing, as then the regulatorballswould be fully extended, with the consequent `raising of the sleeve H2and its rods h. the surfaces h thereof then being wholly above or beyondthe reach of the brushes Z, as shown in Figs. l2 and 14. Vhile in thisposition both the steam-ports remain closed, owing to the absence of theelectric current from the magnets C, which then render the levers B Dincapable of being magnetically connected, as the brushes bear whollyagainst the insulated portion of the rods h. By means of the temporarynon-opening ofthe valves the increased speed of the engine is soonreduced to its normal requirements. In case of the breakage oi' theregulatorbelt t the balls, together with the sleeve H?, &c., Will dropto their lowest position, the rods 7i and brushes Z then assuming theposition shown in Fig. 13, wherein the brushes travel above the shortyconductingsnrfaces h', thus causing a break in the current flowingthrough the electric circuit, and

preventing the lever B from hooking on or magnetically engaging with thearmature-lever D to open the valve, the full and dotted linesrepresenting the extreme movement of the brushes. By means of thisarrangement the device fully serves as a safety-stop motion.7 Steam isreleased from the cylinder by means of suitably-operated exhatst-valvehaving positive movement, as usual in stationary engines. Should theelectric current accidentally cease at any time during the travel of thelevers B, then at the same instant will the levers D drop and close thesteam-valves to stop the engine. v

It is obvious that the arrangement of the magnets O may be reversed, ifdesiredc., the armature d being then secured to the arm b3 of the leverB, while the magnets are se` cured to the valve-operating lever D.

My improvements are equally as well adapted to be used in other types ofengines having detachable or adjustable valve-gear.

I am aware that the valves of an engine have been operated through theagency of electricity before my invention; therefore I do not claim,broadly, such combination; but

Vhat l do claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent ofthe UnitedStates, is-

1. rlhe combination, in an engine or other analogous motor havingmechanically-operated inlet and exhaust valves, oi' one or morevibrating loosely-mounted levers having one or more electro-magnetssecured thereto, a generator and regulator for the electric cnrrent,with an armature-lever secured to the valve-stem, andan inlet-valvemounted thereon, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

2. In a detachable valve-gear engine, the combination,with inlet-valves,each having an arm secured thereto,and means for closing the valve, oneor more electro-magnets secured to a loosely-mounted lever, and awrist-lever adapted to impart a vibrator-y or reciprocating movement tosaid electro-magnet-carrying lever, oi' an electrically-conncctcdregulator, whereby the latter in its l'luctuations determines the pointot' cut-off or movement of the inlet-valve, substantially ashereinbefore set i'orth.

3. The inlet-valves of an engine, each secured to an armature-lever,electro-magnets mounted upon vibrating levers, substantially as shown,and generator for the electric cnrrent, in combination with theengine-regulator having partially insulated rods connected and movingtherewith, electrically-connected brushes alternately moving on saidrods, and an eccentric or other equivalent means for vibrating thebrushes.

4,. In an engine having a regulator and detachable valve-gear, one ormore electro-magnets secured to each ot' the loosely-mounted vibratinglevers, which connect with the wristlever, an armature-lever connectedwith a weight or vacuum pot, and also carrying the inlet-valve.agenerator for the electric current, and conductors for electricallyconnecting said magnets, in combinationwith one or moremechanicallymoving commutator brushes, one or more partially-insulatedrods connected with the regulator sleeve, and conductors whichelectrically connect said brushes and rods, substantially as shown, andfor the purpose described.

5. rllhe combination, in an electric circuit for controlling the actionot' the inlet-valves ot'an engine having detachable valve gear, of adynamo-machine or other generator for producing an electric current,commutatorbrushcs having an invariable movement, a regulator havingpartially-insulated rods frictionally connected with said brushes, oneor more electro-magnets secured to each looselymounted vibratingvalve-lever, armature-levers adapted to magnetically connect with saidIOO vibrating levers, a valve and vacuum-pot or I weight connected toand moving with each armature-lever, mechanism,.substantially as shown,for operating said moving parts, and conductors for electricallyconnecting said brushes, regulator, and magnets with each other and withthe generator, the whole combined and arranged substantially as shown,and for the purpose herein set forth.

6. In a detachable or drop cut otf engine, the loosely-mounted lever B,connected with the wrist-lever a, electro-magnets C, secured to saidlever B, an electric circuit embodying a generator and a regulatorelectrically connected, in combination with the arm D, secured to thevalve-stem m, said arm being provided with a vacuum pot or weight andthe soft-iron armature d,whereby the said lever B and arm D aremagnetically connected, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. Ina drop cut-off engine, the combination, with the lever B, havingelectro-magnets C, secured thereto, of the inlet-valve connected withthe lever D, the latter having a vacuumpot and armature d, securedthereto, substantially as shown and set forth.

8. In a drop cut-oft' engine, the inlet-valve lever having the armature,vacuum-pot, and valve secured thereto, and, further, having alocking-pin mounted in said lever, the combination therewith of theloosely-mounted electro-magnet-carrying lever having an opening orpocket therein adapted to receive said locking-pin, substantially as andfor the purpose set forth.

9. The loosely-mounted electro-magnet-carrying lever B, having anopening or pocket, at, therein, in combination with the inletvalve leverD, having the locking pin or plug n', mounted in the slotted andrecessed arm n2 of said lever D, the plug havingapin, i", therein guidedby means of the slotted arm, and a spring, s2, adapted to restrain thelocking-pin from rearward movement, substantially as shown, and for thepurpose set forth.

10. In a detachable valve-gear or automatic cut-off engine having itsinlet-valves electromagnetically controlled, the combination, with theregulator having one or more partiallyinsulated andelectrically-connected rods connected to and moving with theregulatorsleeve, of electrically connected brushes engaging the rods,said brushes connected with the eccentric or other suitably-moving partsof the engine having positive motion, substantially as and for thepurpose hereinbefore set forth.

Il. In a detachable valve-gear or automatic cut-oftl engine having itsinlet-valves electromagnetically controlled, the regulator H, havingrods h 71 adjustably connected with its sleeve H2, strips h', secured tosaid rods, and wires I 2, connected with the strips, in combination withthe brushes Z, mechanism, substantially as shown, for alternatelymovingthe brushes, and wires l2 22, connected with said brushes, thewhole arranged whereby an electric currentin passing through the saidwires, rods, and brushes, and the magnets connected with the inlet-valvelevers causes said valves to cut off the steam at a point in the strokecorresponding to the (then) position of the regulator.

l2. In a cut-off engine having inlet-valves electro-magneticallycontrolled by the action of the regulator, the combination, with rodshaving both conducting and non-conducting surfaces adjustably connectedto and moving with the regulator-sleeve, and wires I 2, electricallyconnected with the rods, electro-magnets and generator, ofsuitably-guided brushes carrying wires 12 22, also electricallyconnected with the electro-magnets and generator, and means,substantially as shown, for reci procally moving the brushes, said rodsand brushes being so adj usted and connected with each other that anunbroken, intermittently broken, and broken electric circuit is adaptedto be maintained corresponding to the iiuctuations of the regulator,substantially as and for the purpose described.

8. In acut-offenginehaving its inlet-valves electro-magneticallycontrolled, the combination, with the non-conducting rods h, havingelectrically-connected conducting surfaces h secured thereto, and means,substantially as shown, for connecting said rods with the regulator, ofsuitably mounted and guided electrically-connected brushes Z, and means,substantially as shown, for imparting reciprocating motion tothebrushes, the whole combined and arranged whereby the conducting portionsh of the rods are adapted to move wholly above and partially below thecontact-surface of the brushes Z, and corresponding with the extreme upand down positions of the regulator-balls and sleeve, substantiallyasshown, and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

In testimony whereof I have afiiXed my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

RICHARD A. BAILEY.

Vv'itnesses:

Gno. H. REMINGTON, CHARLES HANNIGAN.

IOO

